--- title: Stars twinkle because moving air bends their light; above the air, a… — Olympiad: stars, light and space history ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: Stars twinkle because moving air bends their light; above the air, as on the International Space Station, they shine steadily. Who acts: Stars, air. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: stars, light and space history ★★★» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/32-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Olympiad: stars, light and space histo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/32-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history/) / 12 # Olympiad: stars, light and space history ★★★, sentence 12 Stars twinkle because moving air bends their light; above the air, as on the International Space Station, they shine steadily. **Who acts:** Stars, air · **What happens:** twinkle, move, bend, shine, light · **To what, where:** light, air This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: stars, light and space history ★★★» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:032-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history.lesson:12 # text = Stars twinkle because moving air bends their light; above the air, as on the International Space Station, they shine steadily. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 032-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 twinkle twinkle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 because because SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 4 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 acl _ _ 5 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 bends bend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 2 punct _ _ 10 above above ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 14 as as ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 15 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 17 International International PROPN NNP _ 19 compound _ _ 18 Space Space PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 Station Station PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 shine shine VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 23 steadily steadily ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **twinkle** | present | Stars | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **move** | gerund | air *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **bend** | present | air | stars's light | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material | | 4 | **shine** | present | stars *= star* | | | the air as the International Space Station | | steadily *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above air=Location | | 5 | **light** | | stars *= star* | | | | | | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:032-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: stars, light and space histo…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/32-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history/11/) - next →: [Olympiad: stars, light and space histo…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/32-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/32-olympiad-stars-light-and-space-history/)