--- title: Venus — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Venus», a lesson of the space course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Venus is almost exactly the size of the Earth and is our nearest planet, so it is called Earth's twin, but it is a very evil twin. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / Venus # Venus Lesson 4 of the space course of Mova's primary school: 16 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/4-venus/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/0/) — Venus is almost exactly the size of the Earth and is our nearest planet, so it is called Earth's twin, but it is a very evil twin. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/1/) — It is wrapped in thick carbon dioxide air under clouds of sulphuric acid, and that blanket traps heat like a car parked in the sun with the windows shut. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/2/) — So Venus is hotter than Mercury, about 465 degrees everywhere, day and night, and the air presses down as hard as the sea 900 metres deep. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/3/) — Venus also spins backwards and very slowly: there the Sun rises in the west, and a day lasts longer than a year. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/4/) — From the Earth it is the brightest thing in the night sky after the Moon, so bright that people sometimes report it as a UFO. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/5/) — Venus is almost the same size as the Earth and is our nearest planetary neighbour, which is why it is sometimes called Earth's twin. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/6/) — Venus is the hottest planet, with a surface of about 465 degrees Celsius, day and night, poles and equator alike, because its thick carbon dioxide air traps heat. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/7/) — The air pressure on Venus's surface is about 90 times the Earth's, like being about 900 metres deep in the ocean. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/8/) — Soviet Venera landers in the 1970s and 1980s survived only about an hour or two before the heat and pressure destroyed them. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/9/) — Venus is wrapped in thick clouds of sulphuric acid that hide its surface completely from ordinary telescopes; its surface was mapped by radar, for example by the Magellan probe in the 1990s. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/11/) — Venus takes about 243 Earth days to spin once but only about 225 days to orbit the Sun, so its day is longer than its year. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/12/) — After the Moon, Venus is the brightest natural object in the night sky, often called the Morning Star or Evening Star, though it is a planet, not a star. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/13/) — Venus has more volcanoes than any other planet, and studies of old Magellan radar images, published in 2023 and 2024, found lava flows that changed, so some are probably still active. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/14/) — Venus's whole surface is quite young, perhaps 300 to 700 million years old, probably covered over by fresh lava, so it has fairly few craters. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/15/) — Venus may once have had oceans, but it lost its water to space as it heated up; scientists still debate how long any oceans lasted. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/16/) — NASA's DAVINCI and VERITAS missions and Europe's EnVision have been planned to visit Venus in the 2030s, though their dates and funding keep changing. - ← previous: [Mercury](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/3-mercury/) - next →: [The Earth as a planet](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/5-the-earth-as-a-planet/) - ↑ back to [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/)