--- title: Venus is wrapped in thick clouds of sulphuric acid that hide its sur… — Venus · tree and pragmatics description: Venus is wrapped in thick clouds of sulphuric acid that hide its surface completely from ordinary telescopes; its surface was mapped by radar, for example by the Magellan probe in the 1990s. Who acts: thick clouds, radar. A sentence of the lesson «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [Venus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/) / 9 # Venus, sentence 9 Venus is wrapped in thick clouds of sulphuric acid that hide its surface completely from ordinary telescopes; its surface was mapped by radar, for example by the Magellan probe in the 1990s. **Who acts:** thick clouds, radar · **What happens:** wrap, hide, map, cloud · **To what, where:** Venus, thick clouds, surface, ordinary telescopes, sulphuric acid This is a sentence of the lesson «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thick clouds, radar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:space:004-venus.lesson:9 # text = Venus is wrapped in thick clouds of sulphuric acid that hide its surface completely from ordinary telescopes; its surface was mapped by radar, for example by the Magellan probe in the 1990s. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = space # lesson = 004-venus.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Venus Venus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 wrapped wrap VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 clouds cloud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 sulphuric sulphuric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 hide hide VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 completely completely ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:advmod 15 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 ordinary ordinary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 telescopes telescope NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 mapped map VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 23 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 radar radar NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 Magellan Magellan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 31 probe probe NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 1990s 1990s NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 31 nmod _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wrap** | present · passive | | Venus | | thick clouds of sulphuric acid | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in cloud=Destination | | 2 | **hide** | present | thick clouds of sulphuric acid | acid's surface | | ordinary telescopes | | completely *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent surface=Patient from telescope=Beneficiary | | 3 | **map** | past · passive | radar | surface's surface | | | | for example; by the Magellan probe in the 1990s | tree rules | | 4 | **cloud** | | | sulphuric acid | | | | | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:004-venus.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Venus, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/8/) - next →: [Venus, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/)