---
title: The dark patches on the Moon are called maria, Latin for seas, but t… — The Moon · tree and pragmatics
description: The dark patches on the Moon are called maria, Latin for seas, but they are plains of ancient hardened lava, not water. Who acts: patches. A sentence of the lesson «The Moon» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/6-the-moon/8/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/) / [The Moon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/6-the-moon/) / 8

# The Moon, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dark patches on the Moon are called maria, Latin for seas, but they are plains of ancient hardened lava, not water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** patches · **What happens:** call, be, harden · **To what, where:** dark patches, plains · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Moon» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (patches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:006-the-moon.lesson:8
# text = The dark patches on the Moon are called maria, Latin for seas, but they are plains of ancient hardened lava, not water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 006-the-moon.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	maria	Maria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the dark patches on the Moon |  |  |  | for seas | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for sea=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is a** | present | patches *= patch* | plains |  |  |  | of ancient hardened lava and water | tree rules |
| 3 | **harden** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:006-the-moon.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The Moon, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/6-the-moon/7/)
- next →: [The Moon, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/6-the-moon/9/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/6-the-moon/)