---
title: Mars once had rivers, lakes and perhaps a sea, and today its water i… — Mars · tree and pragmatics
description: Mars once had rivers, lakes and perhaps a sea, and today its water is mostly frozen in polar ice caps and under the ground. Who acts: Mars. A sentence of the lesson «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Mars, sentence 10

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Mars once had rivers, lakes and perhaps a sea, and today its water is mostly frozen in polar ice caps and under the ground.

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**Who acts:** Mars · **What happens:** have, freeze · **To what, where:** rivers, water, polar ice caps

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:008-mars.lesson:10
# text = Mars once had rivers, lakes and perhaps a sea, and today its water is mostly frozen in polar ice caps and under the ground.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 008-mars.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	caps	cap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Mars | rivers and lakes and a sea |  |  |  | once *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |
| 2 | **freeze** | present · passive |  | sea's water |  | polar ice caps and the ground | today | mostly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:008-mars.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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