---
title: Mars looks red because its surface dust and rocks contain iron oxide… — Mars · tree and pragmatics
description: Mars looks red because its surface dust and rocks contain iron oxide, which is rust. Who acts: Mars, surface dust, iron oxide. A sentence of the lesson «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Mars, sentence 5

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Mars looks red because its surface dust and rocks contain iron oxide, which is rust.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mars, surface dust, iron oxide · **What happens:** look, contain, be · **To what, where:** iron oxide, rust

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mars, surface dust, iron oxide), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:space:008-mars.lesson:5
# text = Mars looks red because its surface dust and rocks contain iron oxide, which is rust.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = space
# lesson = 008-mars.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
7	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	oxide	oxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	rust	rust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Mars |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **contain** | present | life's surface dust and rocks | iron oxide |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot oxide=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | iron oxide | rust |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:space:008-mars.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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