---
title: Some cars have a rain sensor that shines invisible light at the wind… — Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard · tree and pragmatics
description: Some cars have a rain sensor that shines invisible light at the windscreen and switches the wipers on when raindrops change the reflection. Who acts: cars, rain sensor, raindrops. A sentence of the lesson «Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard» of the technology course of Mova's primary scho
---

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# Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some cars have a rain sensor that shines invisible light at the windscreen and switches the wipers on when raindrops change the reflection.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cars, rain sensor, raindrops · **What happens:** have, shine, switch on, change · **To what, where:** rain sensor, invisible light, windscreen, wipers, reflection

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cars, rain sensor, raindrops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:017-inside-a-car.lesson:16
# text = Some cars have a rain sensor that shines invisible light at the windscreen and switches the wipers on when raindrops change the reflection.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 017-inside-a-car.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sensor	sensor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	invisible	invisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	windscreen	windscreen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	switches	switch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wipers	wiper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
19	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
20	raindrops	raindrop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some cars | a rain sensor |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sensor=Patient |
| 2 | **shine** | present | a rain sensor | invisible light |  | the windscreen |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 3 | **switch on** | present | a rain sensor *not said here* | the wipers |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wiper=Patient |
| 4 | **change** | present | raindrops | the reflection |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reflection=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:017-inside-a-car.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Inside a car: engine, gears and the da…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/17-inside-a-car/15/)
- next →: [Inside a car: engine, gears and the da…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/17-inside-a-car/17/)
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