--- title: A hybrid car has both a petrol engine and an electric motor with a s… — Electric cars and charging · tree and pragmatics description: A hybrid car has both a petrol engine and an electric motor with a small battery, and it switches between them or uses both, often driving silently at low speed in towns and starting the petrol engine when more power is needed, as on a hill. Who acts: hybrid car, car. A sentence of the lesson «Elect --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Electric cars and charging](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/) / 10 # Electric cars and charging, sentence 10 A hybrid car has both a petrol engine and an electric motor with a small battery, and it switches between them or uses both, often driving silently at low speed in towns and starting the petrol engine when more power is needed, as on a hill. **Who acts:** hybrid car, car · **What happens:** have, switch, use, drive, start, need · **To what, where:** petrol engine, both, low speed, more power This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hybrid car, car), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson:10 # text = A hybrid car has both a petrol engine and an electric motor with a small battery, and it switches between them or uses both, often driving silently at low speed in towns and starting the petrol engine when more power is needed, as on a hill. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 hybrid hybrid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 both both CCONJ CC _ 8 cc:preconj _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 petrol petrol NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 motor motor NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 battery battery NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 switches switch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 21 between between ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj 25 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 24 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:Number=Plur|PronType=Tot 26 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 27 often often ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 driving drive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 advcl _ _ 29 silently silently ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 at at ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 towns town NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:nmod 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 starting start VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 28 conj _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 petrol petrol NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 40 when when SCONJ WRB _ 44 mark _ _ 41 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 42 amod _ _ 42 power power NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj:pass _ _ 43 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux:pass _ _ 44 needed need VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 advcl _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 46 as as ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 47 on on ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a hybrid car | a petrol engine and a electric motor with a small battery | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient | | 2 | **switch** | present | car | | | | | between motors *= motor* | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **use** | present | car *not said here* | both | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent both=Patient | | 4 | **drive** | gerund | car *not said here* | | | low speed | | in towns; as a hill; often, silently *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent at speed=Destination in town=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **start** | gerund | car *not said here* | the petrol engine | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Eventuality | | 6 | **need** | present · passive | | more power | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Electric cars and charging, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/9/) - next →: [Electric cars and charging, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/)