---
title: With no engine in the front, some electric cars have a small boot th… — Electric cars and charging · tree and pragmatics
description: With no engine in the front, some electric cars have a small boot there, called a frunk, meaning front trunk. Who acts: electric cars, small boot. A sentence of the lesson «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Electric cars and charging, sentence 18

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With no engine in the front, some electric cars have a small boot there, called a frunk, meaning front trunk.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** electric cars, small boot · **What happens:** have, call, mean · **To what, where:** small boot, frunk, front trunk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (electric cars, small boot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson:18
# text = With no engine in the front, some electric cars have a small boot there, called a frunk, meaning front trunk.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
9	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	acl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	frunk	frunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
22	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some electric cars | a small boot |  | there |  | with no engine in the front | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boot=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a small boot *not said here* | a frunk |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent frunk=Recipient |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | a small boot *not said here* | front trunk |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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