--- title: Chewing gum is a rubbery gum base kneaded with sugar or sweetener an… — Chocolate and sweets · tree and pragmatics description: Chewing gum is a rubbery gum base kneaded with sugar or sweetener and flavour; long ago people chewed a tree sap called chicle, and most gum base today is made in factories; spat gum on pavements costs towns a lot to clean. Who acts: Chewing gum, people, tree sap, spat gum. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Chocolate and sweets](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/) / 15 # Chocolate and sweets, sentence 15 Chewing gum is a rubbery gum base kneaded with sugar or sweetener and flavour; long ago people chewed a tree sap called chicle, and most gum base today is made in factories; spat gum on pavements costs towns a lot to clean. **Who acts:** Chewing gum, people, tree sap, spat gum · **What happens:** be, knead, chew, call, make, cost · **To what, where:** rubbery gum base, tree sap, chicle, most gum base, factories, lot · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Chocolate and sweets» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chewing gum, people, tree sap, spat gum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:002-chocolate-and-sweets.lesson:15 # text = Chewing gum is a rubbery gum base kneaded with sugar or sweetener and flavour; long ago people chewed a tree sap called chicle, and most gum base today is made in factories; spat gum on pavements costs towns a lot to clean. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 002-chocolate-and-sweets.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Chewing chewing NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 gum gum NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 rubbery rubbery ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 gum gum NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 base base NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 parataxis _ _ 8 kneaded knead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 sweetener sweetener NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 flavour flavour NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 17 advmod _ _ 17 ago ago ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 18 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 chewed chew VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 parataxis _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 sap sap NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 acl _ _ 24 chicle chicle NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 xcomp _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 27 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 29 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 28 gum gum NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 base base NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 today today ADV RB _ 32 obl:unmarked _ _ 31 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux:pass _ _ 32 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 40 advcl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 factories factory NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 spat spat NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 gum gum NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ _ 38 on on ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 pavements pavement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ _ 40 costs cost VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 41 towns town NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 iobj _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 lot lot NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 44 to to PART TO _ 45 mark _ _ 45 clean clean VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 43 acl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=40:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Chewing gum | a rubbery gum base | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **knead** | participle | | a rubbery gum base *not said here* | | | | with sugar or sweetener and flavour | vn touch-20 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with sugar=Instrument | | 3 | **chew** | past | people | a tree sap | | | | ago *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sap=Patient | | 4 | **call** | participle | a tree sap *not said here* | chicle | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **make** | present · passive | | most gum base | | factories | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 6 | **cost** | present | spat gum on pavements | a lot | towns | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme town=Beneficiary lot=Value | | 7 | **clean** | to-infinitive | spat gum on pavements *not said here* | a lot *not said here* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:002-chocolate-and-sweets.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Chocolate and sweets, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/14/) - next →: [Chocolate and sweets, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/)