---
title: Rails are fixed to sleepers laid on a bed of stones; at a level cros… — Trains and the Underground · tree and pragmatics
description: Rails are fixed to sleepers laid on a bed of stones; at a level crossing, lights flash and barriers close the road before a train comes, and a second train may follow the first. Who acts: barriers, train, second train. A sentence of the lesson «Trains and the Underground» of the technology course of
---

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# Trains and the Underground, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rails are fixed to sleepers laid on a bed of stones; at a level crossing, lights flash and barriers close the road before a train comes, and a second train may follow the first.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** barriers, train, second train · **What happens:** fix, lay, close, come, follow · **To what, where:** Rails, level crossing, sleepers, bed, road, first

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trains and the Underground» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (barriers, train, second train), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson:10
# text = Rails are fixed to sleepers laid on a bed of stones; at a level crossing, lights flash and barriers close the road before a train comes, and a second train may follow the first.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Rails	rail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sleepers	sleeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	compound	_	_
19	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	barriers	barrier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	close	close	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	33	amod	_	_
33	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	35	obj	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | present · passive |  | Rails |  | a level crossing |  | to sleepers | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to sleeper=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **lay** | participle |  | sleepers *not said here* |  | a bed of stones |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on bed=Destination |
| 3 | **close** | present | barriers | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |
| 4 | **come** | present | a train |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **follow** | may | a second train | the first |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent first=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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