---
title: The London Underground opened in 1863 and was the first underground… — Trains and the Underground · tree and pragmatics
description: The London Underground opened in 1863 and was the first underground railway in the world. Who acts: London Underground. A sentence of the lesson «Trains and the Underground» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Trains and the Underground, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The London Underground opened in 1863 and was the first underground railway in the world.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** London Underground · **What happens:** open, be · **To what, where:** 1863, first underground railway, world

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trains and the Underground» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (London Underground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson:12
# text = The London Underground opened in 1863 and was the first underground railway in the world.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Underground	Underground	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1863	1863	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
11	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the London Underground |  |  | 1863 |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in 1863=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the London Underground *not said here* | the first underground railway |  | the world |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:021-trains-and-the-underground.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Trains and the Underground, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/21-trains-and-the-underground/11/)
- next →: [Trains and the Underground, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/21-trains-and-the-underground/13/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/21-trains-and-the-underground/)