--- title: Turbulence is bumpy air, like waves in the sky; planes are built to… — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics description: Turbulence is bumpy air, like waves in the sky; planes are built to handle much worse, and the wings bend upwards a lot in flight on purpose. Who acts: Turbulence, wings. A sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Why planes fly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/) / 12 # Why planes fly, sentence 12 Turbulence is bumpy air, like waves in the sky; planes are built to handle much worse, and the wings bend upwards a lot in flight on purpose. **Who acts:** Turbulence, wings · **What happens:** be, build, handle, bend · **To what, where:** bumpy air, planes, lot, flight This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turbulence, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:12 # text = Turbulence is bumpy air, like waves in the sky; planes are built to handle much worse, and the wings bend upwards a lot in flight on purpose. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 022-why-planes-fly.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Turbulence turbulence NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 bumpy bumpy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 waves wave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:nmod 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 planes plane NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 handle handle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 much much ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 worse bad ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 16 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:obj 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=14:punct 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 bend bend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 24 upwards upward ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 lot lot NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl:unmarked _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:nmod 29 on on ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 purpose purpose NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Turbulence | bumpy air | | | | like waves in the sky | tree rules | | 2 | **build** | present · passive | | planes | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **handle** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **bend** | present | the wings | a lot | | flight | | on purpose; upward *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in flight=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why planes fly, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/11/) - next →: [Why planes fly, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/)