--- title: A glider has no engine; it is towed up and then floats on rising war… — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics description: A glider has no engine; it is towed up and then floats on rising warm air, and gliders can stay up for hours and fly hundreds of kilometres. Who acts: glider, gliders. A sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Why planes fly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/) / 17 # Why planes fly, sentence 17 A glider has no engine; it is towed up and then floats on rising warm air, and gliders can stay up for hours and fly hundreds of kilometres. **Who acts:** glider, gliders · **What happens:** have, tow up, float, rise, stay up, fly · **To what, where:** engine, glider, rising warm air, hundreds This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glider, gliders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:17 # text = A glider has no engine; it is towed up and then floats on rising warm air, and gliders can stay up for hours and fly hundreds of kilometres. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 022-why-planes-fly.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 glider glider NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 5 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 ; ; PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 towed tow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 10 up up ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 13 advmod _ _ 13 floats float VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 amod _ _ 16 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 gliders glider NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 23 up up ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 28 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a glider | no engine | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient | | 2 | **tow up** | present · passive | | glider | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **float** | present | | | | rising warm air | then | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on air=Trajectory | | 4 | **rise** | gerund | | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stay up** | can | gliders | | | | hour | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **fly** | infinitive | gliders *not said here* | hundreds of kilometres | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hundred=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why planes fly, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/16/) - next →: [Why planes fly, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/)