--- title: Pilots fly with a stick or yoke, pedals and throttles, and read scre… — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics description: Pilots fly with a stick or yoke, pedals and throttles, and read screens showing speed, height and direction; an airliner always has two pilots, and on many airlines they eat different meals so that one bad meal cannot make both ill. Who acts: Pilots, screens, airliner, one bad meal. A sentence of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Why planes fly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/) / 9 # Why planes fly, sentence 9 Pilots fly with a stick or yoke, pedals and throttles, and read screens showing speed, height and direction; an airliner always has two pilots, and on many airlines they eat different meals so that one bad meal cannot make both ill. **Who acts:** Pilots, screens, airliner, one bad meal · **What happens:** fly, read, show, have, eat, not make · **To what, where:** screens, speed, two pilots, different meals, many airlines This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pilots, screens, airliner, one bad meal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:9 # text = Pilots fly with a stick or yoke, pedals and throttles, and read screens showing speed, height and direction; an airliner always has two pilots, and on many airlines they eat different meals so that one bad meal cannot make both ill. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 022-why-planes-fly.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Pilots pilot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 with with ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 stick stick NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 yoke yoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 pedals pedal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:appos 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 throttles throttle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 read read VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 15 screens screen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 showing show VERB VBG VerbForm=Part 15 acl _ _ 17 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 height height NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:appos 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 direction direction NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 airliner airliner NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 25 always always ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 27 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 pilots pilot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=26:punct 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 31 on on ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 airlines airline NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 36 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 meals meal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 so so SCONJ IN _ 45 mark _ _ 39 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 fixed _ _ 40 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 nummod _ _ 41 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 meal meal NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=45:obj 43 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 45 advmod _ _ 45 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 advcl _ _ 46 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 47 advmod _ _ 47 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 xcomp _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly** | present | Pilots | | | | | with a stick or yoke and pedals and throttles | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **read** | present | Pilots *not said here* | screens | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent screen=Topic | | 3 | **show** | gerund | screens *not said here* | speed and height and direction | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent speed=Recipient | | 4 | **have** | present | a airliner | two pilots | | | | always *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pilot=Patient | | 5 | **eat** | present | pilots *= pilot* | different meals | | many airlines | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient | | 6 | **not** **make** | can | one bad meal | | | | | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Why planes fly, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/8/) - next →: [Why planes fly, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/)