--- title: A hot-air balloon rises because a burner heats the air inside it and… — Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones · tree and pragmatics description: A hot-air balloon rises because a burner heats the air inside it and hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; the first people flew in one in Paris in 1783. Who acts: air balloon, burner, hot air, first people. A sentence of the lesson «Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones» of the te --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Airports, the black box, helicopters a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/) / 17 # Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones, sentence 17 A hot-air balloon rises because a burner heats the air inside it and hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; the first people flew in one in Paris in 1783. **Who acts:** air balloon, burner, hot air, first people · **What happens:** rise, heat, be, fly · **To what, where:** air, balloon, Paris This is a sentence of the lesson «Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air balloon, burner, hot air, first people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:023-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones.lesson:17 # text = A hot-air balloon rises because a burner heats the air inside it and hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; the first people flew in one in Paris in 1783. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 023-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:det 2 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:amod 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:compound 5 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:compound 6 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 burner burner NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 heats heat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 inside inside ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 16 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 conj _ _ 20 than than ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 24 outside outside ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 28 amod _ _ 28 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 obl _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Paris Paris PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:nmod 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 1783 1783 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:nmod 36 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rise** | present | a air balloon | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **heat** | present | a burner | the air | | balloon | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | hot air | | | | | than the cold air; light *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **fly** | past | the first people | | | Paris | | in one; in 1783 | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in one=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:023-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Airports, the black box, helicopters a…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/16/) - next →: [Airports, the black box, helicopters a…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/)