---
title: Sonar sends sound pulses down and listens for echoes from the seabed… — Ships, ports and submarines · tree and pragmatics
description: Sonar sends sound pulses down and listens for echoes from the seabed or fish; dolphins and bats use echoes in a similar way. Who acts: Sonar, dolphins. A sentence of the lesson «Ships, ports and submarines» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Ships, ports and submarines, sentence 20

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Sonar sends sound pulses down and listens for echoes from the seabed or fish; dolphins and bats use echoes in a similar way.

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**Who acts:** Sonar, dolphins · **What happens:** send down, listen, use · **To what, where:** sound pulses, echoes, similar way

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ships, ports and submarines» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sonar, dolphins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:024-ships-ports-and-submarines.lesson:20
# text = Sonar sends sound pulses down and listens for echoes from the seabed or fish; dolphins and bats use echoes in a similar way.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 024-ships-ports-and-submarines.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Sonar	sonar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pulses	pulse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	seabed	seabed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
20	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send down** | present | Sonar | sound pulses |  |  |  | down *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pulse=Theme |
| 2 | **listen** | present | Sonar *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for echoes from the seabed or fish | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | present | dolphins and bats | echoes |  | a similar way |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:024-ships-ports-and-submarines.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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