--- title: A puncture is a hole that lets air out of the inner tube; dip the pu… — Bicycles and other wheels · tree and pragmatics description: A puncture is a hole that lets air out of the inner tube; dip the pumped-up tube in water and bubbles show where the hole is, then it can be patched or the tube replaced. Who acts: puncture, hole, bubbles, tube. A sentence of the lesson «Bicycles and other wheels» of the technology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Bicycles and other wheels](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/) / 15 # Bicycles and other wheels, sentence 15 A puncture is a hole that lets air out of the inner tube; dip the pumped-up tube in water and bubbles show where the hole is, then it can be patched or the tube replaced. **Who acts:** puncture, hole, bubbles, tube · **What happens:** be, let, dip, pump up, show, replace · **To what, where:** hole, air, inner tube, pumped tube, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Bicycles and other wheels» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (puncture, hole, bubbles, tube), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:025-bicycles-and-other-wheels.lesson:15 # text = A puncture is a hole that lets air out of the inner tube; dip the pumped-up tube in water and bubbles show where the hole is, then it can be patched or the tube replaced. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 025-bicycles-and-other-wheels.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R4-particle ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 puncture puncture NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 lets let VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 out out ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 inner inner ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 tube tube NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 15 dip dip VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 17 pumped pump VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 amod _ _ 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 19 up up ADP RP _ 17 compound:prt _ Agree=R4-particle|Haiku=17:compound 20 tube tube NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=15:cc 24 bubbles bubble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 26 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 35 advmod _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct 31 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 35 advmod _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 patched patch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 ccomp _ _ 36 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 tube tube NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:conj 39 replaced replace VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:acl 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a puncture | a hole | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **let** | present | a hole | air | | the inner tube | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 3 | **dip** | infinitive | a puncture *not said here* | the pumped tube | | water | | | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent tube=Theme in water=Trajectory | | 4 | **pump up** | participle | | | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **show** | present | bubbles | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **is** | can · present · passive | | the hole | | | then | patch *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **replace** | participle | the tube | | | | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:025-bicycles-and-other-wheels.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R4-particle ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bicycles and other wheels, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/14/) - next →: [Bicycles and other wheels, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/)