--- title: A road roller squashes soil and hot asphalt (the black stuff that ro… — Diggers, cranes and cement mixers · tree and pragmatics description: A road roller squashes soil and hot asphalt (the black stuff that roads are covered with) flat with heavy steel drums, and some shake thousands of times a minute to pack the ground better. Who acts: road roller, some. A sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Diggers, cranes and cement mixers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/) / 18 # Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, sentence 18 A road roller squashes soil and hot asphalt (the black stuff that roads are covered with) flat with heavy steel drums, and some shake thousands of times a minute to pack the ground better. **Who acts:** road roller, some · **What happens:** squash, cover, shake, pack · **To what, where:** soil, roads, thousands, ground This is a sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (road roller, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:18 # text = A road roller squashes soil and hot asphalt (the black stuff that roads are covered with) flat with heavy steel drums, and some shake thousands of times a minute to pack the ground better. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 2 road road NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 roller roller NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound 4 squashes squash VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 asphalt asphalt NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 12 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 stuff stuff NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 appos _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 obl _ _ 14 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl:relcl _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct 19 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 steel steel NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 drums drum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 27 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Ind 27 shake shake VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 28 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 minute minute NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod:unmarked _ _ 33 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 34 pack pack VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 better well ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 34 advmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **squash** | present | a road roller | soil and hot asphalt | | | | with steel drums; flat *property* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent soil=Patient with drum=Instrument | | 2 | **cover** | present · passive | | roads | | | | with the black stuff | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with that=Theme | | 3 | **shake** | present | some | thousands of times a minute | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient | | 4 | **pack** | to-infinitive | some *not said here* | the ground | | | | well *property* | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/17/) - next →: [Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/)