--- title: Sewers are big underground tunnels that carry dirty water and rain t… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics description: Sewers are big underground tunnels that carry dirty water and rain to treatment works; London's main sewers were built in the 1860s by Joseph Bazalgette and helped end the city's outbreaks of cholera, a deadly illness spread by dirty water. Who acts: Sewers, big underground tunnels, Joseph. A senten --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Tunnels and what lies under the street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/) / 14 # Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 14 Sewers are big underground tunnels that carry dirty water and rain to treatment works; London's main sewers were built in the 1860s by Joseph Bazalgette and helped end the city's outbreaks of cholera, a deadly illness spread by dirty water. **Who acts:** Sewers, big underground tunnels, Joseph · **What happens:** be, carry, build, help, end, spread · **To what, where:** big underground tunnels, dirty water, treatment works, main sewers, 1860s, outbreaks This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sewers, big underground tunnels, Joseph), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:14 # text = Sewers are big underground tunnels that carry dirty water and rain to treatment works; London's main sewers were built in the 1860s by Joseph Bazalgette and helped end the city's outbreaks of cholera, a deadly illness spread by dirty water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Sewers sewer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 underground underground ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 tunnels tunnel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 dirty dirty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 treatment treatment NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 works work NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nmod:poss _ _ 17 's 's PART POS _ 16 case _ _ 18 main main ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 sewers sewer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 20 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 parataxis _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 1860s 1860 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 21 obl _ _ 25 by by ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Joseph Joseph PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obl:agent _ _ 27 Bazalgette Bazalgette PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 30 end end VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 xcomp _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 's 's PART POS _ 32 case _ _ 34 outbreaks outbreak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 cholera cholera NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 deadly deadly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 illness illness NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 41 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 40 acl _ _ 42 by by ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 dirty dirty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl:agent _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Sewers | big underground tunnels | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **carry** | present | big underground tunnels | dirty water and rain | | treatment works | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme to work=Destination | | 3 | **build** | past · passive | Joseph | London's main sewers | | the 1860s | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product | | 4 | **help** | past | Joseph *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **end** | infinitive | Joseph *not said here* | the city's outbreaks of cholera and a deadly illness | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality outbreak=Eventuality | | 6 | **spread** | participle | | a deadly illness *not said here* | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/13/) - next →: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/)