--- title: Tunnel lining is made of big curved concrete pieces fitted together… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics description: Tunnel lining is made of big curved concrete pieces fitted together into rings, like a pipe; the rings hold back the rock and soil so the tunnel does not collapse. Who acts: rings, tunnel. A sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary sc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Tunnels and what lies under the street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/) / 18 # Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 18 Tunnel lining is made of big curved concrete pieces fitted together into rings, like a pipe; the rings hold back the rock and soil so the tunnel does not collapse. **Who acts:** rings, tunnel · **What happens:** make, curve, fit together, hold back, not collapse · **To what, where:** Tunnel lining, big curved concrete pieces, rings, rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rings, tunnel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:18 # text = Tunnel lining is made of big curved concrete pieces fitted together into rings, like a pipe; the rings hold back the rock and soil so the tunnel does not collapse. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Tunnel tunnel NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 lining lining NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 7 curved curve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 amod _ _ 8 concrete concrete NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 10 fitted fit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 11 together together ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 12 into into ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 like like ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 pipe pipe NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 22 back back ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 27 so so SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 tunnel tunnel NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 30 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 31 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 32 collapse collapse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:conj 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | Tunnel lining | | | | of big curved concrete pieces | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **curve** | participle | | | | | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | | 3 | **fit together** | participle | | big curved concrete pieces *not said here* | | rings like a pipe | | together *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into ring=Destination | | 4 | **hold back** | present | the rings | the rock and soil | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme | | 5 | **not** **collapse** | present · do-support | the tunnel | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/16/) - next →: [Bridges and skyscrapers, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/)