---
title: Big tunnels today are dug by tunnel-boring machines, giant metal wor… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics
description: Big tunnels today are dug by tunnel-boring machines, giant metal worms with a spinning cutting wheel at the front. Who acts: boring machines. A sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 3

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Big tunnels today are dug by tunnel-boring machines, giant metal worms with a spinning cutting wheel at the front.

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**Who acts:** boring machines · **What happens:** dig, spin · **To what, where:** Big tunnels

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boring machines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:3
# text = Big tunnels today are dug by tunnel-boring machines, giant metal worms with a spinning cutting wheel at the front.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
9	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	spinning	spin	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
18	cutting	cutting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present · passive | boring machines | Big tunnels |  |  | today |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **spin** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/2/)
- next →: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/4/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/)