---
title: Long ago tunnels were dug by hand with picks, shovels and gunpowder… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics
description: Long ago tunnels were dug by hand with picks, shovels and gunpowder by the light of candles and lamps. Who acts: hand. A sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 5

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Long ago tunnels were dug by hand with picks, shovels and gunpowder by the light of candles and lamps.

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**Who acts:** hand · **What happens:** dig, light · **To what, where:** tunnels, candles

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:5
# text = Long ago tunnels were dug by hand with picks, shovels and gunpowder by the light of candles and lamps.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	picks	pick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	shovels	shovel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	gunpowder	gunpowder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past · passive | hand | tunnels |  |  |  | with picks and shovels and gunpowder; by the light of candles and lamps; ago *property* | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.instsrument»: agent=Agent subject=Theme with pick=Instrument |
| 2 | **light** |  |  | candles and lamps |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/4/)
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