--- title: A tunnel-boring machine grinds through rock or soil with a giant rot… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics description: A tunnel-boring machine grinds through rock or soil with a giant rotating cutting wheel and lines the tunnel with concrete rings behind it; lasers and measurements guide it the right way. Who acts: tunnel boring machine, lasers. A sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Tunnels and what lies under the street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/) / 7 # Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 7 A tunnel-boring machine grinds through rock or soil with a giant rotating cutting wheel and lines the tunnel with concrete rings behind it; lasers and measurements guide it the right way. **Who acts:** tunnel boring machine, lasers · **What happens:** grind, rotate, line, guide · **To what, where:** rock, tunnel, wheel This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tunnel boring machine, lasers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:7 # text = A tunnel-boring machine grinds through rock or soil with a giant rotating cutting wheel and lines the tunnel with concrete rings behind it; lasers and measurements guide it the right way. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 tunnel tunnel NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 boring boring ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 machine machine NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 grinds grind VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 parataxis _ _ 7 through through ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=8:cc 10 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 13 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 14 rotating rotate VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 16 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:VBG:_ 15 cutting cutting NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=6:cc 18 lines line VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 tunnel tunnel NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 concrete concrete NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:nmod 24 behind behind ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 lasers laser NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 measurements measurement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 30 guide guide VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl:unmarked _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grind** | present | a tunnel boring machine | | | rock or soil | | with a giant rotating cutting wheel | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with wheel=Instrument | | 2 | **rotate** | gerund | | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **line** | present | a tunnel boring machine *not said here* | the tunnel | | | | with concrete rings behind wheel | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent tunnel=Destination with ring=Theme | | 4 | **guide** | present | lasers and measurements | wheel | | | | the right way *obl:unmarked* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/6/) - next →: [Tunnels and what lies under the street, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/)