---
title: Tunnel-boring machines are often given women's names, from an old tr… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics
description: Tunnel-boring machines are often given women's names, from an old tradition linked to Saint Barbara, the saint of miners. Who acts: women. A sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 8

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Tunnel-boring machines are often given women's names, from an old tradition linked to Saint Barbara, the saint of miners.

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**Who acts:** women · **What happens:** give, link, name · **To what, where:** Tunnel boring machines, old tradition, Saint

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (women), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:8
# text = Tunnel-boring machines are often given women's names, from an old tradition linked to Saint Barbara, the saint of miners.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
3	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	linked	link	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	Barbara	Barbara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	miners	miner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | Tunnel boring machines |  | a old tradition |  | often *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient name=Theme |
| 2 | **link** | participle |  | a old tradition *not said here* | Saint |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to saint=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **name** |  | women |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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