--- title: Cereal flakes are cooked grains squashed flat between heavy rollers… — Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy · tree and pragmatics description: Cereal flakes are cooked grains squashed flat between heavy rollers and toasted; puffed grains are heated under pressure and then released so they pop; cornflakes were invented in the 1890s at a health resort in the USA. Who acts: Cereal flakes, grains. A sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cerea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/) / 12 # Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, sentence 12 Cereal flakes are cooked grains squashed flat between heavy rollers and toasted; puffed grains are heated under pressure and then released so they pop; cornflakes were invented in the 1890s at a health resort in the USA. **Who acts:** Cereal flakes, grains · **What happens:** cook, be, squash, toast, puff, heat · **To what, where:** cooked grains, heavy rollers, puffed grains, pressure, cornflakes, 1890s This is a sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cereal flakes, grains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:12 # text = Cereal flakes are cooked grains squashed flat between heavy rollers and toasted; puffed grains are heated under pressure and then released so they pop; cornflakes were invented in the 1890s at a health resort in the USA. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Cereal cereal NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 flakes flake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 cooked cook VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 grains grain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 squashed squash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 flat flat ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 between between ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 rollers roller NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 toasted toast VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=5:punct 14 puffed puff VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 amod _ _ 15 grains grain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 heated heat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 18 under under ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 22 advmod _ _ 22 released release VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 pop pop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 cornflakes cornflake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux:pass _ _ 29 invented invent VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 1890s 1890 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 29 obl _ _ 33 at at ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 health health NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 resort resort NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 USA USA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cook** | participle | | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | present | Cereal flakes | cooked grains | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **squash** | participle | | cooked grains *not said here* | | heavy rollers | | flat *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent between roller=Destination | | 4 | **toast** | participle | | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **puff** | participle | | | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | | 6 | **heat** | present · passive | | puffed grains | | pressure | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **release** | participle | | | | | then | | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer | | 8 | **pop** | present | grains *= grain* | | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 9 | **invent** | past · passive | | cornflakes | | the 1890s | | at a health resort in the USA | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/11/) - next →: [Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/)