--- title: Yoghurt is milk heated to kill germs and then kept warm for hours wi… — Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy · tree and pragmatics description: Yoghurt is milk heated to kill germs and then kept warm for hours with friendly bacteria that thicken it; the bacteria are alive, and the fridge keeps the yoghurt from going off. Who acts: friendly bacteria, bacteria, fridge. A sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/) / 13 # Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, sentence 13 Yoghurt is milk heated to kill germs and then kept warm for hours with friendly bacteria that thicken it; the bacteria are alive, and the fridge keeps the yoghurt from going off. **Who acts:** friendly bacteria, bacteria, fridge · **What happens:** heat, kill, keep, thicken, be, go off · **To what, where:** Yoghurt, germs This is a sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendly bacteria, bacteria, fridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:13 # text = Yoghurt is milk heated to kill germs and then kept warm for hours with friendly bacteria that thicken it; the bacteria are alive, and the fridge keeps the yoghurt from going off. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Yoghurt yoghurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 4 heated heat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 kill kill VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:xcomp 7 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 10 advmod _ _ 10 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 11 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 xcomp _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 17 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 18 thicken thicken VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 24 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 fridge fridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 yoghurt yoghurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 32 from from SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 going go VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 29 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:ccomp 34 off off ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **heat** | present · passive | | Yoghurt | | | | milk *obl:unmarked* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **kill** | to-infinitive | | germs | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | participle | | | | | then; hour | with friendly bacteria; warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **thicken** | present | friendly bacteria | yoghurt | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | the bacteria | | | | | alive *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **keep** | present | the fridge | the yoghurt | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yoghurt=Theme | | 7 | **go off** | gerund | the fridge *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/12/) - next →: [Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/3-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy/)