---
title: Yeast is a tiny living fungus (a relative of mushrooms), and the bub… — Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy · tree and pragmatics
description: Yeast is a tiny living fungus (a relative of mushrooms), and the bubbles in bread are the gas it gives off. Who acts: Yeast, bubbles. A sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy, sentence 9

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Yeast is a tiny living fungus (a relative of mushrooms), and the bubbles in bread are the gas it gives off.

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**Who acts:** Yeast, bubbles · **What happens:** be, give off · **To what, where:** tiny living fungus, gas

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Crisps, bread, cereal and dairy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yeast, bubbles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:9
# text = Yeast is a tiny living fungus (a relative of mushrooms), and the bubbles in bread are the gas it gives off.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:parataxis
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	off	off	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Yeast | a tiny living fungus and the gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the bubbles in bread | the gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give off** | present | yeast | the gas *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:003-crisps-bread-cereal-and-dairy.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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