--- title: Bridges grow longer in heat and shorter in cold, and expansion joint… — Bridges and skyscrapers · tree and pragmatics description: Bridges grow longer in heat and shorter in cold, and expansion joints, metal teeth or gaps, let them move, since without them a bridge swelling in the heat would push hard against its ends and could crack or buckle; long bridges can change length by tens of centimetres between winter and summer. Who --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Bridges and skyscrapers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/) / 15 # Bridges and skyscrapers, sentence 15 Bridges grow longer in heat and shorter in cold, and expansion joints, metal teeth or gaps, let them move, since without them a bridge swelling in the heat would push hard against its ends and could crack or buckle; long bridges can change length by tens of centimetres between winter and summer. **Who acts:** Bridges, expansion joints, bridge, long bridges · **What happens:** grow, let, move, swell, push, crack · **To what, where:** heat, bridge, length This is a sentence of the lesson «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bridges, expansion joints, bridge, long bridges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:030-bridges-and-skyscrapers.lesson:15 # text = Bridges grow longer in heat and shorter in cold, and expansion joints, metal teeth or gaps, let them move, since without them a bridge swelling in the heat would push hard against its ends and could crack or buckle; long bridges can change length by tens of centimetres between winter and summer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 030-bridges-and-skyscrapers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Bridges bridge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 2 advmod _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 conj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 12 expansion expansion NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 joints joint NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 17 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 gaps gap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 move move VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 24 since since SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 25 without without ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 bridge bridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 29 swelling swell VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 28 acl _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 push push VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:advcl 35 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 34 advmod _ _ 36 against against ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 ends end NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 crack crack VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 conj _ _ 42 or or CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 buckle buckle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 conj _ _ 44 ; ; PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 45 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 bridges bridge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nsubj _ _ 47 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 49 length length NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ _ 50 by by ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 obl _ _ 52 of of ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 nmod _ _ 54 between between ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=51:nmod 56 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 57 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 conj _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | present | Bridges | | | heat | | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heat=Location | | 2 | **let** | infinitive | expansion joints and metal teeth or gaps | bridge | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **move** | infinitive | bridge *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **swell** | gerund | a bridge *not said here* | | | | | in the heat | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in heat=Attribute | | 5 | **push** | would | a bridge | | | | against heat's ends | without joints *= joint*; hard *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against end=Theme | | 6 | **crack** | could | a bridge *not said here* | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **buckle** | infinitive | a bridge *not said here* | | | | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **change** | can | long bridges | length | | | winter | by tens of centimetres | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent length=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:030-bridges-and-skyscrapers.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bridges and skyscrapers, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/14/) - next →: [Bridges and skyscrapers, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/)