--- title: A house's foundations are concrete under the walls that spread its w… — Bridges and skyscrapers · tree and pragmatics description: A house's foundations are concrete under the walls that spread its weight over the ground, so it does not sink; houses on clay can move a little in very dry summers, because the clay shrinks. Who acts: foundations, walls, ground, houses. A sentence of the lesson «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the tech --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Bridges and skyscrapers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/) / 22 # Bridges and skyscrapers, sentence 22 A house's foundations are concrete under the walls that spread its weight over the ground, so it does not sink; houses on clay can move a little in very dry summers, because the clay shrinks. **Who acts:** foundations, walls, ground, houses, clay · **What happens:** be, spread, not sink, move, shrink · **To what, where:** concrete, walls, weight, ground, little This is a sentence of the lesson «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foundations, walls, ground, houses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:030-bridges-and-skyscrapers.lesson:22 # text = A house's foundations are concrete under the walls that spread its weight over the ground, so it does not sink; houses on clay can move a little in very dry summers, because the clay shrinks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 030-bridges-and-skyscrapers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 foundations foundation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 concrete concrete NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 under under ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 10 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 weight weight NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 over over ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 so so ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 20 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 22 sink sink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 parataxis _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 27 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 move move VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 parataxis _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:obj 31 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 very very ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 summers summer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 39 mark _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=39:det 38 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=39:compound 39 shrinks shrink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 advcl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a house's foundations | concrete | | the walls | | | tree rules | | 2 | **spread** | present | the walls | concrete's weight | | the ground | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent weight=Theme over ground=Destination | | 3 | **not** **sink** | present · do-support | ground | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **move** | can | houses on clay | a little | | | summer | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **shrink** | present | the clay | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:030-bridges-and-skyscrapers.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bridges and skyscrapers, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/21/) - next →: [Bridges and skyscrapers, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/23/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/)