--- title: At the bottom is hard-rolled crushed stone that spreads the weight o… — Roads and road signs · tree and pragmatics description: At the bottom is hard-rolled crushed stone that spreads the weight of lorries, and on top is asphalt, a hot mix of small stones and sticky black bitumen, rolled flat while it is still warm. Who acts: hard rolled crushed stone, weight. A sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Roads and road signs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/) / 1 # Roads and road signs, sentence 1 At the bottom is hard-rolled crushed stone that spreads the weight of lorries, and on top is asphalt, a hot mix of small stones and sticky black bitumen, rolled flat while it is still warm. **Who acts:** hard rolled crushed stone, weight · **What happens:** roll, crush, be, spread · **To what, where:** hard rolled crushed stone, bottom, weight, top asphalt, hot mix This is a sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hard rolled crushed stone, weight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:1 # text = At the bottom is hard-rolled crushed stone that spreads the weight of lorries, and on top is asphalt, a hot mix of small stones and sticky black bitumen, rolled flat while it is still warm. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 At at ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 5 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ _ 7 rolled roll VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 amod _ _ 8 crushed crush VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 amod _ _ 9 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 11 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 weight weight NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 lorries lorry NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 asphalt asphalt NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 mix mix NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 sticky sticky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 31 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 bitumen bitumen NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 rolled roll VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 acl:relcl _ _ 35 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 36 while while SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 38 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 39 still still ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 advcl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **roll** | participle | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **crush** | participle | | | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **is a** | present | | hard rolled crushed stone and top asphalt | | the bottom | | | tree rules | | 4 | **spread** | present | hard rolled crushed stone and top asphalt | the weight of lorries | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location weight=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | | | | top asphalt | | | tree rules | | 6 | **roll** | participle | weight | a hot mix of small stones and sticky black bitumen *not said here* | | | | flat *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location mix=Theme | | 7 | **is** | present | weight *not said here* | | | | still | warm *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Roads and road signs, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/0/) - next →: [Roads and road signs, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/)