--- title: A motorway has no crossings and no traffic lights, only gentle bends… — Roads and road signs · tree and pragmatics description: A motorway has no crossings and no traffic lights, only gentle bends, several lanes and slip roads to join and leave; the first UK motorway, the Preston Bypass, opened in 1958. Who acts: motorway, first UK motorway. A sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Roads and road signs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/) / 11 # Roads and road signs, sentence 11 A motorway has no crossings and no traffic lights, only gentle bends, several lanes and slip roads to join and leave; the first UK motorway, the Preston Bypass, opened in 1958. **Who acts:** motorway, first UK motorway · **What happens:** have, join, leave, open · **To what, where:** crossings, 1958 This is a sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (motorway, first UK motorway), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:11 # text = A motorway has no crossings and no traffic lights, only gentle bends, several lanes and slip roads to join and leave; the first UK motorway, the Preston Bypass, opened in 1958. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 motorway motorway NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 5 crossings crossing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 7 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 9 det _ _ 8 traffic traffic NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 only only ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 12 gentle gentle ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 bends bend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 lanes lane NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 slip slip NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 join join VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 acl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 leave leave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 conj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 26 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 28 amod _ _ 27 UK UK PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 motorway motorway NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 Preston Preston PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 Bypass bypass PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 33 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 34 opened open VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 1958 1958 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a motorway | no crossings and no traffic lights and gentle bends and several lanes and slip roads | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossing=Patient | | 2 | **join** | to-infinitive | a motorway *not said here* | | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **leave** | infinitive | a motorway *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **open** | past | the first UK motorway *not said here* | | | 1958 | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1958=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Roads and road signs, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/10/) - next →: [Roads and road signs, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/31-roads-and-road-signs/)