---
title: A gritter lorry spreads salt before a frost, because salty water fre… — Roads and road signs · tree and pragmatics
description: A gritter lorry spreads salt before a frost, because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily. Who acts: gritter lorry, salty water, ice. A sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency
---

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# Roads and road signs, sentence 17

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A gritter lorry spreads salt before a frost, because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gritter lorry, salty water, ice · **What happens:** spread, freeze, form · **To what, where:** salt, frost, lower temperature

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Roads and road signs» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gritter lorry, salty water, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:17
# text = A gritter lorry spreads salt before a frost, because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gritter	gritter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
25	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	26	advmod	_	_
26	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | a gritter lorry | salt |  | a frost |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent salt=Theme before frost=Destination |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | salty water |  |  | a lower temperature than plain water |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **form** | present | ice |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:031-roads-and-road-signs.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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