---
title: Alessandro Volta made the first battery in 1800 from a pile of metal… — Batteries · tree and pragmatics
description: Alessandro Volta made the first battery in 1800 from a pile of metal discs and cloth soaked in salty water. Who acts: Alessandro. A sentence of the lesson «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Batteries, sentence 7

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Alessandro Volta made the first battery in 1800 from a pile of metal discs and cloth soaked in salty water.

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**Who acts:** Alessandro · **What happens:** make, soak · **To what, where:** first battery, 1800, cloth

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alessandro), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:034-batteries.lesson:7
# text = Alessandro Volta made the first battery in 1800 from a pile of metal discs and cloth soaked in salty water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 034-batteries.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Alessandro	Alessandro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Volta	Volta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1800	1800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	discs	disc	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	soaked	soak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Alessandro | the first battery |  | 1800 |  | from a pile of metal discs and cloth | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent battery=Product from pile=Material |
| 2 | **soak** | participle |  | cloth *not said here* |  |  |  | in salty water | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in water=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:034-batteries.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Batteries, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/34-batteries/6/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/34-batteries/)