--- title: A microphone turns sound wobbles into electric signals, and a speake… — Phones and how a call travels · tree and pragmatics description: A microphone turns sound wobbles into electric signals, and a speaker turns signals back into sound by shaking a little cone; very loud headphones for a long time can damage hearing for life. Who acts: microphone, speaker, sound, loud headphones. A sentence of the lesson «Phones and how a call trave --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/35-phones-and-how-a-call-travels/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Phones and how a call travels](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/35-phones-and-how-a-call-travels/) / 20 # Phones and how a call travels, sentence 20 A microphone turns sound wobbles into electric signals, and a speaker turns signals back into sound by shaking a little cone; very loud headphones for a long time can damage hearing for life. **Who acts:** microphone, speaker, sound, loud headphones · **What happens:** turn, turn back, shake, damage · **To what, where:** sound wobbles, electric signals, signals, sound, little cone, hearing This is a sentence of the lesson «Phones and how a call travels» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (microphone, speaker, sound, loud headphones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:035-phones-and-how-a-call-travels.lesson:20 # text = A microphone turns sound wobbles into electric signals, and a speaker turns signals back into sound by shaking a little cone; very loud headphones for a long time can damage hearing for life. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 035-phones-and-how-a-call-travels.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 microphone microphone NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 wobbles wobble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 signals signal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 speaker speaker NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 14 signals signal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 back back ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 16 into into ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 by by SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 19 shaking shake VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 acl _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 cone cone NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 24 very very ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 headphones headphone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 27 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 31 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 damage damage VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 33 hearing hearing NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 for for ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **turn** | present | a microphone | sound wobbles | | electric signals | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent wobble=Theme into signal=Trajectory | | 2 | **turn back** | present | a speaker | signals | | sound | | | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme | | 3 | **shake** | gerund | sound *not said here* | a little cone | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cone=Patient | | 4 | **damage** | can | loud headphones | hearing | | | time | for life | vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument hearing=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:035-phones-and-how-a-call-travels.lesson:20`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Phones and how a call travels, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/35-phones-and-how-a-call-travels/19/) - next →: [Computers and screens, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/36-computers-and-screens/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/35-phones-and-how-a-call-travels/)