---
title: Gritters spread salt before a frost because salty water freezes at a… — Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: Gritters spread salt before a frost because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily. Who acts: Gritters, salty water, ice. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its 
---

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# Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★, sentence 10

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Gritters spread salt before a frost because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily.

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**Who acts:** Gritters, salty water, ice · **What happens:** spread, freeze, form · **To what, where:** salt, frost, lower temperature

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gritters, salty water, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:10
# text = Gritters spread salt before a frost because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Gritters	gritter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
22	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	23	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:advmod
23	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:advmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | Gritters | salt |  | a frost |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent salt=Theme before frost=Destination |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | salty water |  |  | a lower temperature than plain water |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **form** | present | ice |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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