--- title: A hot-air balloon rises because hot air is lighter than the cold air… — Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: A hot-air balloon rises because hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; its pilot cannot steer left or right, only go up or down to find winds blowing other ways. Who acts: air balloon, hot air, pilot, winds. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the techno --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/) / [Olympiad: transport, building and ener…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/) / 16 # Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★, sentence 16 A hot-air balloon rises because hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; its pilot cannot steer left or right, only go up or down to find winds blowing other ways. **Who acts:** air balloon, hot air, pilot, winds · **What happens:** rise, be, not steer, go up, find, blow · **To what, where:** winds, other ways This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air balloon, hot air, pilot, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:16 # text = A hot-air balloon rises because hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; its pilot cannot steer left or right, only go up or down to find winds blowing other ways. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = technology # lesson = 043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:det 2 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:amod 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:compound 5 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:compound 6 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 8 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 6 advcl _ _ 12 than than ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 outside outside ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 pilot pilot NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 22 steer steer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 parataxis _ _ 23 left leave ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 24 or or CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:conj|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 only only ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 29 up up ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 down down ADV RB _ 29 conj _ _ 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 advcl _ _ 34 winds wind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 35 blowing blow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 34 acl _ _ 36 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rise** | present | a air balloon | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | hot air | | | | | than the cold air; light *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **steer** | can | air's pilot | | | | | leave *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **go up** | infinitive | air's pilot *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 5 | **find** | to-infinitive | air's pilot *not said here* | winds | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Topic | | 6 | **blow** | gerund | winds *not said here* | other ways | | | | | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent way=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: transport, building and ener…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/15/) - next →: [Olympiad: transport, building and ener…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/)