---
title: Many pen caps have a small hole so air can pass if a child swallows… — Pencils, paper and school things · tree and pragmatics
description: Many pen caps have a small hole so air can pass if a child swallows one by accident. Who acts: Many pen caps, air, child. A sentence of the lesson «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Pencils, paper and school things, sentence 10

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Many pen caps have a small hole so air can pass if a child swallows one by accident.

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**Who acts:** Many pen caps, air, child · **What happens:** have, pass, swallow · **To what, where:** small hole, one

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many pen caps, air, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson:10
# text = Many pen caps have a small hole so air can pass if a child swallows one by accident.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	caps	cap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:acl:relcl
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	obj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many pen caps | a small hole |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |
| 2 | **pass** | can | air |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a child | one |  |  |  | by accident | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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