---
title: Rules: never run holding a pencil or pen, and tell an adult at once… — Pencils, paper and school things · tree and pragmatics
description: Rules: never run holding a pencil or pen, and tell an adult at once if a small child swallows a cap or anything else small. Who acts: Rules, small child. A sentence of the lesson «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Pencils, paper and school things, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rules: never run holding a pencil or pen, and tell an adult at once if a small child swallows a cap or anything else small.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rules, small child · **What happens:** not run, hold, tell, swallow · **To what, where:** pencil, adult, cap · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rules, small child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson:17
# text = Rules: never run holding a pencil or pen, and tell an adult at once if a small child swallows a cap or anything else small.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	obl	_	_
17	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	23	conj	_	_
26	else	else	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **run** | present | Rules |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | Rules *not said here* | a pencil or pen |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Rules *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 4 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a small child | a cap |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cap=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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