---
title: One car holds parts from dozens of suppliers in many countries, whic… — How a car is built · tree and pragmatics
description: One car holds parts from dozens of suppliers in many countries, which is why in 2021 a shortage of tiny computer chips stopped car factories around the world. Who acts: One car, shortage. A sentence of the lesson «How a car is built» of the technology course of Mova's primary school with its depende
---

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# How a car is built, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One car holds parts from dozens of suppliers in many countries, which is why in 2021 a shortage of tiny computer chips stopped car factories around the world.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** One car, shortage · **What happens:** hold, be, stop · **To what, where:** parts, dozens, car factories, 2021

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How a car is built» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One car, shortage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:technology:008-how-a-car-is-built.lesson:4
# text = One car holds parts from dozens of suppliers in many countries, which is why in 2021 a shortage of tiny computer chips stopped car factories around the world.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = technology
# lesson = 008-how-a-car-is-built.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dozens	dozen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	suppliers	supplier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	2021	2021	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	24	obl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	shortage	shortage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
24	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
25	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	around	around	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | One car | parts |  | dozens of suppliers in many countries |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stop** | past | a shortage of tiny computer chips | car factories |  | 2021 |  | around the world | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality factory=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:technology:008-how-a-car-is-built.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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