--- title: Olympiad: endings and polite forms ★★★ — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Olympiad: endings and polite forms ★★★», a lesson of the ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Ukrainian words change their ends to tell you things English says with whole extra words, and a sharp puzzler can read a w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Ukrainian street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/) / Olympiad: endings and polite forms ★★★ # Olympiad: endings and polite forms ★★★ Lesson 32 of the ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/0/) — Ukrainian words change their ends to tell you things English says with whole extra words, and a sharp puzzler can read a whole scene from one ending. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/1/) — Endings tell you who is talking: a boy says ya vyhRAv, a girl ya vyhRAla; a boy is ya hoLOdnyi, a girl ya hoLOdna — so a note saying «ya vpala» was written by a girl. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/2/) — Endings call people: MAma → MAmo!, TAto → TAtu!, BAbusya → BAbusyu!, TItka → TItko! — find the pattern and you can shout any name the right way. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/3/) — Endings show respect: sidai to a kid but sidaite to an adult, vybaCHAI to a friend but vybaCHte to a stranger, i tobI to a friend but i vam to a granny. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/4/) — Picture Sashko at his granny's door: «zdorOv, BAbusyu!» would make her eyebrows jump, but «DObryi DEN, BAbusyu! yak vy?» gets him a hug and a pocketful of tsukErky. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/5/) — The calling form, the vocative, changes the end of a name: MAma → MAmo!, TAto → TAtu!, BAbusya → BAbusyu!, TItka → TItko! - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/6/) — Many names ending in -a are called with -o: Oksana → Oksano!, Olena → Oleno!; Sashko, like TAto, is called with -u: Sashku! - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/7/) — diDUS, grandad, is called diDUsyu!, just as BAbusya is called BAbusyu! - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/8/) — In the past, a boy's word ends in -v and a girl's in -la: ya vyhRAv / ya vyhRAla, ya vpAv / ya vpala, ya ne zrobyv / ya ne zrobyla. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/11/) — dva becomes dvi before some words such as DIvchyny: dvi DIvchyny, two girls. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/13/) — Many polite or group forms end in -te: sidai → sidaite (sit down), vybaCHAI → vybaCHte (sorry), ZAkhody → zaKHOdte (come in). - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/14/) — With ty you answer i tobI (you too), with vy you answer i vam: «SMAchnoho!» — «DYAkuyu, i vam!» - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/15/) — yak teBE zvut? asks a kid's name; yak vas zvut? is the polite form. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/16/) — pryVIT and zdorOv are hellos for friends, and zdorOv is never for a granny or a teacher; DObryi DEN is the safe hello to any grown-up. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/32-olympiad-endings-and-polite-forms/17/) — AHA and nE-a are casual yeah and nope between kids; tak and ni are safe to anyone. - ← previous: [Olympiad: Cyrillic code-breaking and number puzzles ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/31-olympiad-cyrillic-code-breaking-and-numbers/) - ↑ back to [Ukrainian street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/)