---
title: The night sky is dark partly because light from very far stars has n… — Thinking like an astronomer · tree and pragmatics
description: The night sky is dark partly because light from very far stars has not yet had time to reach us. Who acts: night sky, light. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Thinking like an astronomer, sentence 14

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The night sky is dark partly because light from very far stars has not yet had time to reach us.

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**Who acts:** night sky, light · **What happens:** be, not have, reach · **To what, where:** us

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night sky, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:010-reasoning-about-space.lesson:14
# text = The night sky is dark partly because light from very far stars has not yet had time to reach us.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 010-reasoning-about-space.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the night sky |  |  |  |  | dark, partly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **have** | present · perfect | light from far stars |  |  |  | yet; time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **reach** | to-infinitive | light from far stars *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:010-reasoning-about-space.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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