--- title: The night sky is dark although there are countless stars, because th… — Thinking like an astronomer · tree and pragmatics description: The night sky is dark although there are countless stars, because the universe had a beginning: light from very distant stars has not had time to reach us, and so in most directions our sight runs out into darkness before it meets a star. Who acts: night sky, countless stars, universe, light. A sent --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/10-reasoning-about-space/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Thinking like an astronomer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/10-reasoning-about-space/) / 2 # Thinking like an astronomer, sentence 2 The night sky is dark although there are countless stars, because the universe had a beginning: light from very distant stars has not had time to reach us, and so in most directions our sight runs out into darkness before it meets a star. **Who acts:** night sky, countless stars, universe, light, sight, our · **What happens:** be, have, not have, reach, run out, meet · **To what, where:** beginning, us, most directions, star This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night sky, countless stars, universe, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:010-reasoning-about-space.lesson:2 # text = The night sky is dark although there are countless stars, because the universe had a beginning: light from very distant stars has not had time to reach us, and so in most directions our sight runs out into darkness before it meets a star. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 010-reasoning-about-space.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 although although SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 7 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 8 expl _ _ 8 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 9 countless countless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 because because SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 universe universe NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 beginning beginning NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 19 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 20 from from ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 very very ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 distant distant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 stars star NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 24 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 25 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 26 advmod _ _ 26 had have VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 15 parataxis _ _ 27 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 acl _ _ 30 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 33 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 36 amod _ _ 36 directions direction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 37 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 39 runs run VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 40 out out ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 into into ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 darkness darkness NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 43 before before SCONJ IN _ 45 mark _ _ 44 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 meets meet VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 advcl _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | the night sky | | | | | dark *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **does** | present | countless stars | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **have** | past | the universe | a beginning | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beginning=Patient | | 4 | **not** **have** | present · perfect | light from distant stars | | | | time | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **reach** | to-infinitive | light from distant stars *not said here* | us | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent we=Theme | | 6 | **run out** | present | our sight | | | most directions | | into darkness *result*; out *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into darkness=Result | | 7 | **meet** | present | sight | a star | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Co-Agent | | 8 | **sight** | | our | | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:010-reasoning-about-space.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Thinking like an astronomer, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/10-reasoning-about-space/1/) - next →: [Thinking like an astronomer, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/10-reasoning-about-space/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/10-reasoning-about-space/)