---
title: An astronomer cannot travel to the stars, so he reasons from what he… — Thinking like an astronomer · tree and pragmatics
description: An astronomer cannot travel to the stars, so he reasons from what he sees: shadows, shapes, timings and the rules of light and gravity. Who acts: astronomer, light. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Thinking like an astronomer, sentence 4

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An astronomer cannot travel to the stars, so he reasons from what he sees: shadows, shapes, timings and the rules of light and gravity.

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**Who acts:** astronomer, light · **What happens:** not travel, reason, see, rule · **To what, where:** stars, shadows

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like an astronomer» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astronomer, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:010-reasoning-about-space.lesson:4
# text = An astronomer cannot travel to the stars, so he reasons from what he sees: shadows, shapes, timings and the rules of light and gravity.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 010-reasoning-about-space.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	astronomer	astronomer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	reasons	reason	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	obj	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	obl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	timings	timing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **travel** | can | a astronomer |  |  | the stars |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to star=Destination |
| 2 | **reason** | present | astronomer |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **see** | present | astronomer | shadows and shapes and timings and the rules of light and gravity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rule** |  | light and gravity |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:010-reasoning-about-space.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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