---
title: The Penny Black of 1840 in Britain was the first postage stamp you s… — Communication: letters, phones, radio and the in… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Penny Black of 1840 in Britain was the first postage stamp you stick on a letter. Who acts: Penny Black, you. A sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Penny Black of 1840 in Britain was the first postage stamp you stick on a letter.

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**Who acts:** Penny Black, you · **What happens:** be, stick · **To what, where:** first postage stamp, letter

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Penny Black, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:12
# text = The Penny Black of 1840 in Britain was the first postage stamp you stick on a letter.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Penny	Penny	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Black	Black	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1840	1840	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
11	postage	postage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	stick	stick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Penny Black of 1840 in Britain | the first postage stamp |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick** | present | you | the first postage stamp *not said here* |  | a letter |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme on letter=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Communication: letters, phones, radio…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/11/)
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