--- title: People also used signals that travel by sight or sound — beacon fire… — Communication: letters, phones, radio and the in… · tree and pragmatics description: People also used signals that travel by sight or sound — beacon fires on hilltops, smoke and drums — but these could carry only simple messages agreed in advance. Who acts: People, signals, these. A sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Communication: letters, phones, radio…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/) / 2 # Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 2 People also used signals that travel by sight or sound — beacon fires on hilltops, smoke and drums — but these could carry only simple messages agreed in advance. **Who acts:** People, signals, these · **What happens:** use, travel, sound, carry, agree · **To what, where:** signals, beacon fires, hilltops, simple messages, advance This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, signals, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:2 # text = People also used signals that travel by sight or sound — beacon fires on hilltops, smoke and drums — but these could carry only simple messages agreed in advance. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 also also ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 signals signal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 travel travel VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 sound sound VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 11 — - PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 beacon beacon NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 fires fire NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 hilltops hilltop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:obl 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 drums drum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 20 — - PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 but but CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 24 nsubj _ _ 23 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 25 only only ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 simple simple ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 messages message NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 28 agreed agree VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 acl _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 advance advance NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | past | People | signals | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Patient | | 2 | **travel** | present | signals | | | | | by sight | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sight=Trajectory | | 3 | **sound** | infinitive | signals *not said here* | beacon fires | | hilltops | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fire=Theme | | 4 | **carry** | could | these | simple messages | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | | 5 | **agree** *speech: agree* | participle | | simple messages *not said here* | | advance | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Communication: letters, phones, radio…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/1/) - next →: [Communication: letters, phones, radio…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/)