---
title: From 1866 a cable under the Atlantic Ocean carried messages between… — Communication: letters, phones, radio and the in… · tree and pragmatics
description: From 1866 a cable under the Atlantic Ocean carried messages between Europe and America in minutes instead of weeks. Who acts: cable. A sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 6

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From 1866 a cable under the Atlantic Ocean carried messages between Europe and America in minutes instead of weeks.

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**Who acts:** cable · **What happens:** carry · **To what, where:** messages, 1866

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cable), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:6
# text = From 1866 a cable under the Atlantic Ocean carried messages between Europe and America in minutes instead of weeks.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1866	1866	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cable	cable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
17	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	18	fixed	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | a cable under the Atlantic Ocean | messages |  | 1866 | minute | between Europe and America | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent message=Theme from 1866=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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