---
title: In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone, which turns th… — Communication: letters, phones, radio and the in… · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone, which turns the voice into a changing electric current and back into sound at the other end. Who acts: Alexander, telephone. A sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary s
---

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# Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 7

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In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone, which turns the voice into a changing electric current and back into sound at the other end.

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**Who acts:** Alexander, telephone · **What happens:** patent, turn, change · **To what, where:** telephone, 1876, voice, changing electric current

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alexander, telephone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:7
# text = In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone, which turns the voice into a changing electric current and back into sound at the other end.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1876	1876	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
3	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	Graham	Graham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
5	Bell	Bell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	patented	patent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	telephone	telephone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	amod	_	_
17	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	back	back	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patent** | past | Alexander | the telephone |  | 1876 |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telephone=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the telephone | the voice |  | a changing electric current and sound at the other end |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent voice=Theme into current=Trajectory |
| 3 | **change** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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