--- title: Some time words are fuzzy or old: a Scottish gran's "the back of nin… — Quarter past, quarter to, and how people really… · tree and pragmatics description: Some time words are fuzzy or old: a Scottish gran's "the back of nine" means just after nine, and an old book's "five and twenty past four" is 4:25, because old English could say the small number first. Who acts: time words, back, old English. A sentence of the lesson «Quarter past, quarter to, and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Quarter past, quarter to, and how peop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time/) / 8 # Quarter past, quarter to, and how people really say the time, sentence 8 Some time words are fuzzy or old: a Scottish gran's "the back of nine" means just after nine, and an old book's "five and twenty past four" is 4:25, because old English could say the small number first. **Who acts:** time words, back, old English · **What happens:** be, mean, say · **To what, where:** 4:25, small number · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Quarter past, quarter to, and how people really say the time» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time words, back, old English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time.lesson:8 # text = Some time words are fuzzy or old: a Scottish gran's "the back of nine" means just after nine, and an old book's "five and twenty past four" is 4:25, because old English could say the small number first. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ _ 2 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 fuzzy fuzzy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 Scottish Scottish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 gran gran NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod:poss _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:nsubj 12 's 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:appos 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 nine nine NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 19 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 20 just just ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 21 after after ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 nine nine NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 28 's 's PART POS _ 27 case _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 27 appos _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 twenty twenty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 conj _ _ 33 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 34 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nmod _ _ 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 37 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=37:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 37 4:25 4:25 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 conj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 39 because because SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 40 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 42 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 advcl _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 47 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 43 advmod _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | some time words | | | | | fuzzy *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | some time words *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **mean** | present | a Scottish gran's back of nine | | | | after nine | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | some time words *not said here* | 4:25 | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | could | old English | the small number | | | | first *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Quarter past, quarter to, and how peop…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time/7/) - next →: [Quarter past, quarter to, and how peop…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time/)