---
title: In a race the lower time wins: 11.9 seconds beats 12.4 seconds by 0.… — Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is · tree and pragmatics
description: In a race the lower time wins: 11.9 seconds beats 12.4 seconds by 0.5 seconds, half a second. Who acts: lower time, 11.9 seconds. A sentence of the lesson «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a race the lower time wins: 11.9 seconds beats 12.4 seconds by 0.5 seconds, half a second.

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**Who acts:** lower time, 11.9 seconds · **What happens:** win, beat · **To what, where:** race

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lower time, 11.9 seconds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is.lesson:11
# text = In a race the lower time wins: 11.9 seconds beats 12.4 seconds by 0.5 seconds, half a second.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wins	win	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct
9	11.9	11.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	10	nummod	_	_
10	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	beats	beat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	12.4	12.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	13	nummod	_	_
13	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	0.5	0.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	16	nummod	_	_
16	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	20	det:predet	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | present | the lower time |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **beat** | present | 11.9 seconds |  |  | a race | second |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in race=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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